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On 17 November, “Europe’s Lithium Paradox” had its final avant-première event in Cinema Aventure (Brussels) – a full house! – followed by the official release of the documentary film to a global audience (watch at the link below). An award-winning documentary that highlights the tension at the heart of Europe’s energy transition: we must move quickly to address the climate crisis, but establishing a responsible and resilient lithium supply chain takes time.
This film explores lithium’s crucial role in Europe’s mission to become the world’s first climate neutral continent, while recognising the importance of local environmental & cultural preservation. The documentary unravels the intricate challenges and opportunities surrounding lithium mining, refining and recycling. And it examines the role of demand-side management reducing the need for primary lithium extraction. The film intends to help building bridges between European civil society and the metals production industry.
The documentary highlights the tension at the heart of Europe’s energy transition: we must move quickly to address the climate crisis, but establishing a responsible and resilient lithium supply chain takes time.
The event opened with a fireside chat featuring the film’s presenter, Peter Tom Jones (SIM2 KU Leuven), interviewed by moderator Filip De Rycke. Jones explains that Europe holds 27 significant lithium deposits across countries including Portugal, Spain, France, Finland, Germany, and the Czech Republic, with 7 designated as strategic under the Critical Raw Materials Act. Despite this, the continent lacks large-scale lithium refining facilities, leaving raw concentrates dependent on China and preventing Europe from controlling key parts of the battery supply chain.
Key Challenges:
- Investment Flight: Companies (like Solvay) are relocating to the US due to faster permits and better financial support, undermining Europe’s competitiveness.
- Project Failures and Geopolitics: The halt of Serbia’s Jadar Project threatens European energy independence, and reflects political resistance, disinformation, and hybrid warfare risks (Russia) .
- Policy Execution Gaps: The Critical Raw Materials Act (March 2024) has failed to stop project closures or investment flight; Europe’s permitting and incentives lag behind global competitors.
- Cultural Barriers: Excessive debate and slow implementation (“death by talking”) hinder progress in building the full lithium supply chain.
Urgent Needs:
- Accelerate (responsibly though) mining, refining, and project approvals to secure domestic lithium for batteries, EVs, and energy transition goals.
- Develop large-scale European refining capacity to reduce dependency on China.
- Shift the political and cultural approach from debate to decisive action.
Strategic Implication: Without rapid, coordinated action, Europe risks losing industrial jobs, strategic autonomy, and leadership in the global green economy.
This opening gambit formed a conducive environment for a very lively panel debate after the film screening.
On the panel were Alicia Polo y La Borda (The Copper Mark), Emily Ritchey (T&E), Rolf Kuby (Euromines), and EXCEED Strategic Manager (documentary co-writer and presenter) Peter Tom Jones (SIM2 KU Leuven).
The discussion underlined several critical insights:
- Trust in institutions is essential: countries like Finland or Sweden show how strong governance builds acceptance, whereas the controversy around Serbia’s Jadar project shows the risks when trust is weak.
- We need to integrate social scientists (or “social geologists”), engage transparently with environmental activists, and involve local communities meaningfully. The Inuit in Quebec, for example, not only benefit economically but play a role in governing mining projects.
- To strengthen Europe’s strategic autonomy, we must focus on green public procurement, prioritize local and recycled content, and keep more value within Europe. Specifically, export restrictions on black mass could help prevent fragmented supply chains and retain critical materials on the continent. The message: Make in Europe, buy in Europe.
- There’s also a geopolitical dimension: shrinking dependence on external actors (especially in the current climate of shifting relationships) requires policy, industrial strategy, and social legitimacy to go hand in hand.
Ultimately, the panel reinforced what the documentary calls “Europe’s lithium paradox”: real change demands both urgency and patience, and solving it requires technological ambition plus trust, inclusion, and coherent policy.
The following day, the film received its 3rd award – Documentary Impact Award – by 14th TVE Global Sustainability Film Awards 2025 (see below info about the other 2 awards and 3 nominations). Watch the full film below.
Key information:
Film crew: Director: Stijn van Baarle (STORYRUNNER), Presenter: Peter Tom Jones (SIM2 KU Leuven), Cameramen: Michael Van de Velde & Jochen Maes; Sound technicians: Casimir De Kimpe, Jeroen De Vriese, Editing: Jasper Vander Elst.
Funding: Horizon Europe (LITHOS/EXCEED), SIM² KU Leuven & KU Leuven crowdfunding.
AWARDS/SELECTIONS
🏆 Best Environment and Climate Film at the Berlin Kiez Film Festival
🏆 Honourable Mention Award at MY NAME IS CLIMATE Film Festival
🏅Official selection as Finalist by British Columbia Environmental Film Festival Society











